Lateral force–displacement response of buried pipes in slopes

A series of full-scale experiments was conducted to estimate lateral soil constraints on pipes buried in dense sandy slopes at different burial depths. The experimental data indicated that the force pipe increases with increase slope grade and depth ratio. against relative displacement response observed from is presented compared those arising level ground conditions. study extended larger ratios by simulating under sloping conditions using a numerical (finite-element) model initially calibrated results physical modelling. findings terms variation peak restraint as function ratio are for consideration pipeline design.